What Is Brazing in Welding?
Brazing is a process in which metals are joined by melting a filler metal into the joint to create strong permanent bonds. Brazing requires a small joint spacing to allow capillary action to draw the filler metal into the joint when the parts reach the proper phase temperature above 840°F (450°C).
Brazing uses flux to strengthen and improve its mechanical properties. Fluxes used in brazing have three major functions:
They remove any oxides that form as a result of heating the parts.
They promote wetting, which is the phenomenon whereby a liquid filler metal or flux spreads and adheres in a thin, continuous layer on a solid base metal.
They aid in capillary action by pulling the molten alloy into the joint.
Flux flowing into a joint reduces oxides to clean the surfaces and gives rise to a capillary action that causes the filler metal to flow behind it. Fluxes are available in many forms, such as solids, powders, pastes, liquids, sheets, rings and washers.
Flux and filler metal combinations are the most convenient and easy to use. Using excessive flux in a joint may result in flux being trapped in the joint, weakening the joint or causing the joint to leak or fail.
The American Welding Society’s (AWS) classification system for brazing alloys uses the letter B to indicate that the alloy is to be used for brazing. The following letters indicate the atomic symbol of metals used to make up the alloy, such as CuZn (copper and zinc). There may be a dash followed by a letter or number to indicate a specific alloyed percentage. The letter R may be added to indicate that the braze metal is in rod form.
Unlike welding, brazing can be used to join dissimilar metals, such as gold, silver, copper and nickel. While brazed joints are strong, they are not as strong as welded joints.
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